đ [EN] 18. lecture notes
Revelation 21â22: New Creation, New Jerusalem, and Life with God
Revelation concludes with a comprehensive vision that reframes Christian hope: not disembodied souls escaping upward, but God dwelling with a resurrected people in a renewed creation. The closing chapters interweave images of new heavens and new earth, a holy city, and a brideâcomplementary pictures of the same reality brought down from God.
New Heavens and New Earth (21:1â8)
- New creation descending: John sees a new heaven and new earth; the movement is from heaven to earth, underscoring transformation and fulfillment of creation rather than its abandonment.
- âThe sea was no moreâ: In biblical symbolism the sea often represents chaos, danger, evil, and the abode of the dead; its absence signals the removal of hostile powers and disorder.
- God-with-us: âThe dwelling of God is with humans⊠He will wipe every tear.â Death, mourning, crying, and pain belong to the former things that have passed away.
- Divine identity and reliability: âI am the Alpha and the Omega, the beginning and the end⊠these words are trustworthy and trueââtitles that frame the book (cf. Rev 1:8; 21:6; 22).
City and Bride as One Reality (21:2, 9â10)
The holy city, the New Jerusalem, comes down âprepared as a bride adorned for her husband.â The angel says, âI will show you the bride,â yet John is shown a cityâthe images interpret one another. The people of God are pictured corporately as a city-bride in whom God dwells.
What Is Absentâand Why It Matters (21:1, 4, 8, 22, 27; 22:3, 5)
- No sea, no death, no tears: Evil, chaos, and mortality have no place in the new order.
- No temple: âI saw no temple in the city, for its temple is the Lord God Almighty and the Lamb.â Temple was a means to mediated presence; now God and the Lamb dwell immediately with their people.
- No sun, no night, no curse: Godâs glory and the Lamb are its light; the curse of Genesis 3 is removed. Gates never shutâsecurity and welcome replace threat and exclusion.
What Is PresentâGlory, Light, and Life (21:10â26; 22:1â5)
- Godâs radiant presence: The city has âthe glory of Godâ; Godâs glory illumines it and âits lamp is the Lamb.â Divine presence is the cityâs atmosphere.
- Throne-centered life: The river of the water of life flows from âthe throne of God and of the Lamb.â Godâs throne, once seen in heaven (Rev 4â5), is now among the people.
- Tree of life and healing: The tree bears twelve kinds of fruit (monthly abundance); its leaves are âfor the healing of the nationsââan expansive fulfillment of prophetic hopes (echoing Ezek 47; Isa 25, 49).
- Seeing Godâs face: The redeemed bear His name on their foreheads and âsee his faceââintimate communion replacing the distance of exile and fear.
- Shared rule: âThey will reign forever and everââthe reign of Babylon is displaced by the reign of God and the Lamb shared with the saints.
City Dimensions and Old Testament Echoes (21:9â21)
- Cubic holy city: The city is foursquare, its length, width, and height equalâlike the Holy of Holiesâsignifying pervasive holiness. The measurement of 12,000 stadia (12 Ă 1000) communicates completion and vastness.
- Twelve gates and foundations: Gates bear the names of Israelâs tribes; foundations bear the apostlesâ namesâone people of God in fulfilled unity. Precious stones recall the high priestâs breastpiece (Exod 28), now expanded to a whole-city reality.
Nations and Kings in the New Jerusalem (21:24â26; 22:2)
- Transformed nations: The nations âwalk by its light,â and kings bring their glory into itâformer opponents become worshipers. The cityâs openness signals redeemed cultural life brought under Godâs glory.
- Healing of the nations: The treeâs leaves extend blessing globally; Revelation universalizes the hope beyond Israel to all peoples.
Conquering and Inheritance (21:7; 22:14â15)
- Promise to conquerors: Those who âovercomeâ inherit these thingsâRevelationâs earlier calls to faithful witness culminate here in shared life with God.
- Exclusion of evil: Nothing unclean enters the city; practices aligned with Babylon have no future here.
Book of Life and Final Judgment (20:15; 21:27)
Judgment culminates at the great white throne; those not in the Book of Life face exclusion. With judgment completed, the Book functions no longer as an ongoing separator within the new creation; those written enter the city of God.
âI Am Coming Soonâ: Keeping the Words (22:6â21)
- Trustworthy testimony: The visions are to be kept, not merely admired; blessing rests on those who keep the words.
- Worship God only: Johnâs impulse to worship the angel is correctedâworship belongs to God alone, a thread running through the whole book.
- Hopeful urgency: âSurely I am coming soon⊠Amen. Come, Lord Jesusââethical motivation flows from imminent hope.
Theological and Pastoral Implications
- Embodied, communal hope: Expect resurrection life in renewed creation, not merely private, disembodied survival.
- Presence without mediation: The end of temple imagery signals the goal achievedâimmediate communion with God and the Lamb.
- Worship-formed living now: Future vision shapes present faithfulness, resisting Babylonâs seductions and bearing truthful witness.
KokkuvÔte / Summary
- Revelation 21â22 portrays one reality with multiple imagesânew creation, city, and brideâwhere God dwells with a resurrected people in unmediated light and life.
- Absences (sea, death, night, temple, curse) highlight the removal of chaos and alienation; presences (throne, river, tree, light, nationsâ glory) highlight healing, holiness, and shared reign.
- âI am coming soonâ grounds ethics in hope: keep the words, worship God only, and live now as citizens of the coming city.